![]() ![]() The Bill of Rights, which was introduced to Congress in 1789 and adopted on December 15, 1791, includes the first ten amendments to the U.S. He created the Bill of Rights during the 1st United States Congress, which met from 1789 to 1791 – the first two years that President George Washington was in office. Madison was a Virginia representative who would later become the fourth president of the United States. James Madison drafted most of the Bill of Rights. Fearing defeat, pro-constitution politicians, called Federalists, promised a concession to the antifederalists-a Bill of Rights. ![]() The debate over whether to ratify the Constitution in several states hinged on the adoption of a Bill of Rights that would safeguard basic civil rights under the law. They further argued that the Constitution lacked protections for people’s individual rights. They felt the new constitution gave the federal government too much power at the expense of the states. Constitution.Īntifederalists, led by the first governor of Virginia, Patrick Henry, opposed the ratification of the Constitution. They may not reflect the current state of the law, and are not intended to provide legal advice, guidance on litigation, or commentary on legislation.During the summer of 1787, a group of politicians, including James Madison and Alexander Hamilton, gathered in Philadelphia to draft a new U.S. Courts for use in educational activities only. Of students to advocate illegal drug use at a school-sponsored event.ĭisclaimer: These resources are created by the Administrative Office of the U.S. Of students to make an obscene speech at a school-sponsored event.īethel School District #43 v. To permit students to print articles in a school newspaper over the objections of the school administration. To burn draft cards as an anti-war protest. 310 (1990).įreedom of speech does not include the right:īrandenburg v. To engage in symbolic speech, (e.g., burning the flag in protest). To advertise commercial products and professional services (with some restrictions). To contribute money (under certain circumstances) to political campaigns. To use certain offensive words and phrases to convey political messages. Of students to wear black armbands to school to protest a war (“Students do not shed their constitutional rights at the schoolhouse gate.”). Not to speak (specifically, the right not to salute the flag). “Congress shall make no law.abridging freedom of speech.” The First Amendment states, in relevant part, that: Proposed Changes to Code and JC&D Rules. ![]()
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